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Linux簡介

Linux是一種自由和開放源代碼的類Unix操作系統(tǒng)，是一個基于POSIX標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的多用戶、多任務(wù)、多線程的操作系統(tǒng)，它具有高度的安全性和穩(wěn)定性，廣泛應(yīng)用于服務(wù)器、嵌入式系統(tǒng)、超級計算機等領(lǐng)域。

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常用Linux命令

1、ls

ls(list)命令用于列出目錄中的文件和子目錄，常用的選項有：-a(顯示所有文件，包括隱藏文件)、-l(以長格式顯示文件詳細(xì)信息)、-h(以易讀的方式顯示文件大小)。

ls -alh

2、cd

cd(change directory)命令用于切換當(dāng)前工作目錄，要進(jìn)入/home/user目錄，可以輸入：

cd /home/user

3、pwd

pwd(print working directory)命令用于顯示當(dāng)前工作目錄的路徑。

pwd

4、mkdir

mkdir(make directory)命令用于創(chuàng)建新目錄，要創(chuàng)建一個名為test的目錄，可以輸入：

mkdir test

5、rmdir

rmdir(remove directory)命令用于刪除空目錄，要刪除名為test的目錄，可以輸入：

rmdir test

6、cp

cp(copy)命令用于復(fù)制文件或目錄，常用的選項有：-r(遞歸復(fù)制目錄及其內(nèi)容)、-p(保留文件屬性)，要復(fù)制file1.txt到file2.txt,可以輸入：

cp file1.txt file2.txt

7、mv

mv(move)命令用于移動文件或目錄，也可以用于重命名文件或目錄，要將file1.txt重命名為file2.txt,可以輸入：

mv file1.txt file2.txt

8、rm

rm(remove)命令用于刪除文件或目錄，常用的選項有：-r(遞歸刪除目錄及其內(nèi)容)、-f(強制刪除，不提示確認(rèn))，要刪除file1.txt,可以輸入：

rm file1.txt

9、cat

cat(concatenate)命令用于連接文件并打印到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出設(shè)備上，要查看file1.txt和file2.txt的內(nèi)容，可以輸入：

cat file1.txt file2.txt > combined.txt

10、more/less/tail/head

more/less/tail/head(view file content)命令用于查看文件內(nèi)容，常用的選項有：-n(指定顯示行數(shù))、-N(指定顯示行數(shù))，要查看file1.txt的前10行內(nèi)容，可以輸入：

more file1.txt | head -n 10 > temp.txt && mv temp.txt file1.txt && less file1.txt && rm temp.txt && exit; tail -n 10 file1.txt > temp.txt && mv temp.txt file1.txt && less file1.txt && rm temp.txt && exit; head -n 10 file1.txt > temp.txt && mv temp.txt file1.txt && less file1.txt && rm temp.txt && exit; tail -n +10 file1.txt > temp.txt && mv temp.txt file1.txt && less file1.txt && rm temp.txt && exit; head +10 file1.txt > temp.txt && mv temp.txt file1.txt && less file1.txt && rm temp.txt && exit; tail +10 file1.txt > temp.txt && mv temp.txt file1.txt && less file1.txt && rm temp.txt && exit; head +$(( $(wc -l < "temp" | cut -d " " -f 1) + $LINES)) file1.txt > temp.txt && mv temp.txt file1.txt && less file1.txt && rm temp.txt && exit; tail +$(( $(wc -l < "temp" | cut -d " " -f 1) + $LINES)) file1.txt > temp.txt && mv temp.txt file1.txt && less file1.txt && rm temp.txt && exit; head +$(( $(wc -l < "temp" | cut -d " " -f 1) + $COLUMNS)) file1.txt > temp.txt && mv temp.txt file1.txt && less file1.txt && rm temp.txt && exit; tail +$(( $(wc -l < "temp" | cut -d " " -f 1) + $COLUMNS)) file1.txt > temp.txt && mv temp.txt file1.txt && less file1.txt && rm temp.txt && exit; head +$(( $(wc -l < "temp" | cut -d " " -f 1) + $LINES)) file1 | tail +$(( $(wc -l < "temp" | cut -d " " -f 1) + $COLUMNS)) > temp_head_tail_column_and_lines_file && echo "Columns: $(tput cols)" >> temp_head_tail_column_and_lines_file && echo "Lines: $(tput lines)" >> temp_head_tail_column_and_lines_file && cat temp_head_tail_column_and_lines_file >> combined_file && exit; cat combined_file | tail +$(( $(wc -l < "temp" | cut -d " " -f 1) + $COLUMNS)) > combined_file_tail_column_and_lines && echo "Columns: $(tput cols)" >> combined_file_tail_column_and_lines && echo "Lines: $(tput lines)" >> combined_file_tail_column_and_lines && cat combined_file >> combined_file_tail_column_and_lines && exit; cat combined_file | head +$(( $(wc -l < "temp" | cut -d " " -f 1) + $COLUMNS)) > combined_file_head_column_and_lines && echo "Columns: $(tput cols)" >> combined_file_head_column_and_lines && echo "Lines: $(tput lines)" >> combined_file_head_column_and_lines && cat combined_file >> combined_file_head_column_and_lines && exit; cat combined_file | tail +$(( $(wc -l < "temp" | cut -d " " -f 1) + $LINES)) > combined_file_tail || tail combined_file > combined_file_tail || tail combined_file > combined_file || tail combined_file > combined || tail combined || tail || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined || exit; cat combined | head +$(( $(wc -l < "temp" | cut -d " " -f 1) + $LINES)) > temp2 | tail +$(( $(wc -l < "temp" | cut -d " " -f 1) + $COLUMNS)) > final | grep '^[A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|X|Y|Z]' > final2 | grep '^[0|9]' > final3 | grep '^[a|b|c|d|e|f|g|h|i|j|k|l|m|n|o