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一、簡介

實(shí)際的項(xiàng)目開發(fā)過程中，我們通?；谀承┲髁骺蚣芷脚_(tái)進(jìn)行技術(shù)開發(fā)，比如 SpringBoot，今天我們就以 SpringBoot 整合

ElasticSearch 為例，給大家詳細(xì)的介紹 ElasticSearch 的使用！

SpringBoot 連接 ElasticSearch，主流的方式有以下四種方式

• 方式一：通過Elastic Transport Client客戶端連接 es 服務(wù)器，底層基于 TCP 協(xié)議通過 transport 模塊和遠(yuǎn)程 ES 服務(wù)端通信，不過，從 V7.0 開始官方不建議使用，V8.0開始正式移除。
• 方式二：通過Elastic Java Low Level Rest Client客戶端連接 es 服務(wù)器，底層基于 HTTP 協(xié)議通過 restful API 來和遠(yuǎn)程 ES 服務(wù)端通信，只提供了最簡單最基本的 API，類似于上篇文章中給大家介紹的 API 操作邏輯。
• 方式三：通過Elastic Java High Level Rest Client客戶端連接 es 服務(wù)器，底層基于Elastic Java Low Level Rest Client客戶端做了一層封裝，提供了更高級(jí)得 API 且和Elastic Transport Client接口及參數(shù)保持一致，官方推薦的 es 客戶端。
• 方式四：通過JestClient客戶端連接 es 服務(wù)器，這是開源社區(qū)基于 HTTP 協(xié)議開發(fā)的一款 es 客戶端，官方宣稱接口及代碼設(shè)計(jì)比 ES 官方提供的 Rest 客戶端更簡潔、更合理，更好用，具有一定的 ES 服務(wù)端版本兼容性，但是更新速度不是很快，目前 ES 版本已經(jīng)出到 V7.9，但是JestClient只支持 V1.0~V6.X 版 本的 ES。

還有一個(gè)需要大家注意的地方，那就是版本號(hào)的兼容！

在開發(fā)過程中，大家尤其需要關(guān)注一下客戶端和服務(wù)端的版本號(hào)，要盡可能保持一致，比如服務(wù)端 es 的版本號(hào)是6.8.2，那么連接 es 的客戶端版本號(hào)，最好也是6.8.2，即使因項(xiàng)目的原因不能保持一致，客戶端的版本號(hào)必須在6.0.0 ～6.8.2，不要超過服務(wù)器的版本號(hào)，這樣客戶端才能保持正常工作，否則會(huì)出現(xiàn)很多意想不到的問題，假如客戶端是7.0.4的版本號(hào)，此時(shí)的程序會(huì)各種報(bào)錯(cuò)，甚至沒辦法用!

為什么要這樣做呢?主要原因就是 es 的服務(wù)端，高版本不兼容低版本;es6 和 es7 的某些 API 請(qǐng)求參數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)有著很大的區(qū)別，所以客戶端和服務(wù)端版本號(hào)盡量保持一致。

廢話也不多說了，直接上代碼!

二、代碼實(shí)踐

本文采用的SpringBoot版本號(hào)是2.1.0.RELEASE，服務(wù)端 es 的版本號(hào)是6.8.2，客戶端采用的是官方推薦的Elastic Java High Level Rest Client版本號(hào)是6.4.2，方便與SpringBoot的版本兼容。

2.1、導(dǎo)入依賴

    org.elasticsearch
    elasticsearch
    6.4.2


    org.elasticsearch.client
    elasticsearch-rest-client
    6.4.2


    org.elasticsearch.client
    elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client
    6.4.2

2.2、配置環(huán)境變量

在application.properties全局配置文件中，配置elasticsearch自定義環(huán)境變量。

elasticsearch.scheme=http
elasticsearch.address=127.0.0.1:9200
elasticsearch.userName=
elasticsearch.userPwd=
elasticsearch.socketTimeout=5000
elasticsearch.connectTimeout=5000
elasticsearch.connectionRequestTimeout=5000

2.3、創(chuàng)建 elasticsearch 的 config 類

@Configuration
public class ElasticsearchConfiguration {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ElasticsearchConfiguration.class);


    private static final int ADDRESS_LENGTH = 2;

    @Value("${elasticsearch.scheme:http}")
    private String scheme;

    @Value("${elasticsearch.address}")
    private String address;

    @Value("${elasticsearch.userName}")
    private String userName;

    @Value("${elasticsearch.userPwd}")
    private String userPwd;

    @Value("${elasticsearch.socketTimeout:5000}")
    private Integer socketTimeout;

    @Value("${elasticsearch.connectTimeout:5000}")
    private Integer connectTimeout;

    @Value("${elasticsearch.connectionRequestTimeout:5000}")
    private Integer connectionRequestTimeout;

    /**
     * 初始化客戶端
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name = "restHighLevelClient")
    public RestHighLevelClient restClientBuilder() {
        HttpHost[] hosts = Arrays.stream(address.split(","))
                .map(this::buildHttpHost)
                .filter(Objects::nonNull)
                .toArray(HttpHost[]::new);
        RestClientBuilder restClientBuilder = RestClient.builder(hosts);
        // 異步參數(shù)配置
        restClientBuilder.setHttpClientConfigCallback(httpClientBuilder -> {
            httpClientBuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(buildCredentialsProvider());
            return httpClientBuilder;
        });

        // 異步連接延時(shí)配置
        restClientBuilder.setRequestConfigCallback(requestConfigBuilder -> {
            requestConfigBuilder.setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout);
            requestConfigBuilder.setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout);
            requestConfigBuilder.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout);
            return requestConfigBuilder;
        });

        return new RestHighLevelClient(restClientBuilder);
    }


    /**
     * 根據(jù)配置創(chuàng)建HttpHost
     * @param s
     * @return
     */
    private HttpHost buildHttpHost(String s) {
        String[] address = s.split(":");
        if (address.length == ADDRESS_LENGTH) {
            String ip = address[0];
            int port = Integer.parseInt(address[1]);
            return new HttpHost(ip, port, scheme);
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 構(gòu)建認(rèn)證服務(wù)
     * @return
     */
    private CredentialsProvider buildCredentialsProvider(){
        final CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
        credentialsProvider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY, new UsernamePasswordCredentials(userName,
                userPwd));
        return credentialsProvider;
    }
}

至此，客戶端配置完畢，項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候，會(huì)自動(dòng)注入到Spring的ioc容器里面。

2.4、索引管理

es 中最重要的就是索引庫，客戶端如何創(chuàng)建呢?請(qǐng)看下文！

• 創(chuàng)建索引

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class IndexJunit {


    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建索引（簡單模式）
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void createIndex() throws IOException {
        CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest("cs_index");
        CreateIndexResponse response = client.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());
    }


    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建索引（復(fù)雜模式）
     * 可以直接把對(duì)應(yīng)的文檔結(jié)構(gòu)也一并初始化
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void createIndexComplete() throws IOException {
        CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest();
        //索引名稱
        request.index("cs_index");
        //索引配置
        Settings settings = Settings.builder()
                .put("index.number_of_shards", 3)
                .put("index.number_of_replicas", 1)
                .build();
        request.settings(settings);

        //映射結(jié)構(gòu)字段
        Map properties = new HashMap();
        properties.put("id", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text"));
        properties.put("name", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text"));
        properties.put("sex", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text"));
        properties.put("age", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "long"));
        properties.put("city", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text"));
        properties.put("createTime", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "long"));
        Map mapping = new HashMap<>();
        mapping.put("properties", properties);
        //添加一個(gè)默認(rèn)類型
        System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(request));
        request.mapping("_doc",mapping);
        CreateIndexResponse response = client.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());
    }

}

• 刪除索引

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class IndexJunit {


    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

    /**
     * 刪除索引
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void deleteIndex() throws IOException {
        DeleteIndexRequest request = new DeleteIndexRequest("cs_index1");
        AcknowledgedResponse response = client.indices().delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());
    }


}

• 查詢索引

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class IndexJunit {


    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

    /**
     * 查詢索引
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void getIndex() throws IOException {
        // 創(chuàng)建請(qǐng)求
        GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest();
        request.indices("cs_index");
        // 執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求,獲取響應(yīng)
        GetIndexResponse response = client.indices().get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}

• 查詢索引是否存在

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class IndexJunit {


    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

    /**
     * 檢查索引是否存在
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void exists() throws IOException {
        // 創(chuàng)建請(qǐng)求
        GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest();
        request.indices("cs_index");
        // 執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求,獲取響應(yīng)
        boolean response = client.indices().exists(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response);
    }

}

• 查詢所有的索引名稱

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class IndexJunit {


    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

    /**
     * 查詢所有的索引名稱
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void getAllIndices() throws IOException {
        GetAliasesRequest request = new GetAliasesRequest();
        GetAliasesResponse response =  client.indices().getAlias(request,RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        Map> map = response.getAliases();
        Set indices = map.keySet();
        for (String key : indices) {
            System.out.println(key);
        }
    }

}

• 查詢索引映射字段

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class IndexJunit {


    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

    /**
     * 查詢索引映射字段
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void getMapping() throws IOException {
        GetMappingsRequest request = new GetMappingsRequest();
        request.indices("cs_index");
        request.types("_doc");
        GetMappingsResponse response = client.indices().getMapping(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }


}

• 添加索引映射字段

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class IndexJunit {


    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

    /**
     * 添加索引映射字段
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void addMapping() throws IOException {
        PutMappingRequest request = new PutMappingRequest();
        request.indices("cs_index");
        request.type("_doc");

        //添加字段
        Map properties = new HashMap();
        properties.put("accountName", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "keyword"));
        Map mapping = new HashMap<>();
        mapping.put("properties", properties);
        request.source(mapping);
        PutMappingResponse response = client.indices().putMapping(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());
    }


}

2.5、文檔管理

所謂文檔，就是向索引里面添加數(shù)據(jù)，方便進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)查詢，詳細(xì)操作內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)看下文！

• 添加文檔

ublic class UserDocument {

    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private Integer age;
    private String city;
    private Date createTime;

    //省略get、set...
}

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class DocJunit {

    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;


    /**
     * 添加文檔
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void addDocument() throws IOException {
        // 創(chuàng)建對(duì)象
        UserDocument user = new UserDocument();
        user.setId("1");
        user.setName("里斯");
        user.setCity("武漢");
        user.setSex("男");
        user.setAge(20);
        user.setCreateTime(new Date());

        // 創(chuàng)建索引,即獲取索引
        IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest();
        // 外層參數(shù)
        request.id("1");
        request.index("cs_index");
        request.type("_doc");
        request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));
        // 存入對(duì)象
        request.source(JSON.toJSONString(user), XContentType.JSON);
        // 發(fā)送請(qǐng)求
        System.out.println(request.toString());
        IndexResponse response = client.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}

• 更新文檔

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class DocJunit {

    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;


    /**
     * 更新文檔（按需修改）
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void updateDocument() throws IOException {
        // 創(chuàng)建對(duì)象
        UserDocument user = new UserDocument();
        user.setId("2");
        user.setName("程咬金");
        user.setCreateTime(new Date());
        // 創(chuàng)建索引,即獲取索引
        UpdateRequest request = new UpdateRequest();
        // 外層參數(shù)
        request.id("2");
        request.index("cs_index");
        request.type("_doc");
        request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));
        // 存入對(duì)象
        request.doc(JSON.toJSONString(user), XContentType.JSON);
        // 發(fā)送請(qǐng)求
        System.out.println(request.toString());
        UpdateResponse response = client.update(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.toString());
                                                標(biāo)題名稱：SpringBoot整合Elasticsearch實(shí)現(xiàn)海量級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)搜索                                                

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