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Linux服務(wù)器安全小技巧有哪些

Linux服務(wù)器安全小技巧有哪些?

隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及,越來(lái)越多的企業(yè)和個(gè)人開(kāi)始使用Linux服務(wù)器來(lái)搭建網(wǎng)站、部署應(yīng)用等,Linux服務(wù)器的安全問(wèn)題也日益凸顯,如何確保Linux服務(wù)器的安全成為了一個(gè)亟待解決的問(wèn)題,本文將介紹一些Linux服務(wù)器安全的小技巧,幫助大家提高Linux服務(wù)器的安全性。

更新系統(tǒng)和軟件包

及時(shí)更新系統(tǒng)和軟件包是保證Linux服務(wù)器安全的基礎(chǔ),定期檢查系統(tǒng)和軟件包的更新,并及時(shí)安裝最新的安全補(bǔ)丁,可以有效防止黑客利用已知漏洞進(jìn)行攻擊,在Debian/Ubuntu系統(tǒng)中,可以使用apt-get updateapt-get upgrade命令來(lái)更新系統(tǒng)和軟件包;在CentOS/RHEL系統(tǒng)中,可以使用yum check-updateyum update命令來(lái)更新系統(tǒng)和軟件包。

設(shè)置防火墻

防火墻是保護(hù)Linux服務(wù)器的第一道防線,通過(guò)配置防火墻規(guī)則,可以限制外部對(duì)服務(wù)器的訪問(wèn),只允許合法的流量通過(guò),在Debian/Ubuntu系統(tǒng)中,可以使用ufw工具來(lái)配置防火墻;在CentOS/RHEL系統(tǒng)中,可以使用firewalld工具來(lái)配置防火墻,以下是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的防火墻配置示例:

在Debian/Ubuntu系統(tǒng)中
sudo ufw allow ssh
sudo ufw allow http
sudo ufw deny all
在CentOS/RHEL系統(tǒng)中
sudo systemctl start firewalld
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=22/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

限制root用戶遠(yuǎn)程登錄

root用戶是Linux系統(tǒng)的管理員賬號(hào),擁有最高的權(quán)限,為了防止root用戶被惡意利用,建議限制root用戶遠(yuǎn)程登錄,在Debian/Ubuntu系統(tǒng)中,可以使用pam_tally2模塊來(lái)限制root用戶的登錄次數(shù);在CentOS/RHEL系統(tǒng)中,可以使用pam_securetty模塊來(lái)限制root用戶的遠(yuǎn)程登錄,以下是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的PAM配置示例:

在Debian/Ubuntu系統(tǒng)中
sudo apt-get install libpam-pwquality.so libpam-common.so
sudo echo "password    requisite    pam_pwquality.so retry=3 minlen=8" | sudo tee -a /etc/pam.d/common-auth && 
       sudo echo "password    sufficient    pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass local_users_only" | sudo tee -a /etc/pam.d/common-auth && 
       echo "session required    pam_loginuid.so" | sudo tee -a /etc/pam.d/common-session && 
       echo "account required     pam_mkhomedir.so skel=/etc/skel umask=0022" | sudo tee -a /etc/pam.d/common-account && 
       echo "session optional     pam_lastlog.so silent noupdate showfailed" | sudo tee -a /etc/pam.d/common-session && 
       echo "session optional     pam_succeed_if.so service in gecos 'login' role='user' failed_use_last_flag=true" | sudo tee -a /etc/pam.d/common-auth && 
       echo "session optional     pam_warn.so" | sudo tee -a /etc/pam.d/common-auth && 
       echo "account required     pam_deny.so" | sudo tee -a /etc/pam.d/common-account && 
       echo "session required     pam_limits.so default=10 max=unlimited" | sudo tee -a /etc/pam.d/common-session && 
       echo "account required     pam_chroot.so none faillock authfail use_uid" | sudo tee -a /etc/pam.d/common-account && 
       echo "session optional     pam_mkhomedir.so umask=0022" | sudo tee -a /etc/pam.d/common-session && 
       echo "account required     pam_pwquality.so retry=3 minlen=8" | sudo tee -a /etc/pam.d/common-auth && 
       echo "account required     pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass local_users_only" | sudo tee -a /etc/pam.d/common-auth && 
       echo "session required     pam_loginuid.so" | sudo tee -a /etc/pam.d/common-session && 
       echo "account required     pam_deny.so" | sudo tee -a /etc/pam.d/common-account && 
       echo "session optional     pam_lastlog.so silent noupdate showfailed" | sudo tee -a /etc)" >&2; exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> >(cat); exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> >(cat) & disown; exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown; exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown & exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown & exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown & exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown & exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown & exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown & exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown & exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown & exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown & exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown & exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown & exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown & exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown & exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown & exit $?; unlink tmpfile || true; exec bash &> (cat) & disown & exit $0x0907060504030201000f0e0d0c0b0a090807060504030201000f0e0d0c0b0a0908&!exit

使用Fail2ban防止暴力破解

Fail2ban是一個(gè)用于防止網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)被暴力破解的工具,它可以在檢測(cè)到異常登錄行為時(shí)自動(dòng)鎖定IP地址一段時(shí)間,在Debian/Ubuntu系統(tǒng)中,可以使用ufw模塊結(jié)合fail2ban實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)阻止暴力破解的行為,首先需要安裝fail2ban,然后創(chuàng)建一個(gè).ini配置文件,最后啟動(dòng)fail2ban服務(wù),以下是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的.ini配置文件示例:

[DEFAULT]
Ban time for a single IP address in seconds (set to zero for unlimited ban time)
bantime = 3600
Max number of failed login attempts before a ban is issued (set to zero for unlimited tries)
maxretry = 3
List of IP addresses that should be banned for the specified amount of time or until they make a certain number of successful login attempts again (separated by commas)
banlist = [ipaddr1,ipaddr2]

將上述內(nèi)容保存為fail2ban.local文件,然后編輯/etc/fail2ban/jail.local文件,添加以下內(nèi)容:

[DEFAULT]
enabled = true
filter = %(__name__)s[name=%(__name__)s][bantime=$bantime][ip=$ip]
findtime = findtime+%(bantimesecs)dseconds after last failed login attempt for at least %(maxretry)s failures within the past %(bantimesecs)d seconds before being banned again or until %(bantimesecs)d seconds have passed since the first failed login attempt occurred if this is longer than %(bantimesecs)d seconds ago and there are no previous failures within the past %(bantimesecs)d seconds before being banned again or until %(bantimesecs}

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