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在涉及到SQL Server編程或是管理時(shí)一定會(huì)用到數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出, 導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出的方法有多種,結(jié)合我在做項(xiàng)目時(shí)的經(jīng)歷做一下匯總:
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1. SQL Server導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出向?qū)?這種方式是最方便的.
導(dǎo)入向?qū)?微軟提供了多種數(shù)據(jù)源驅(qū)動(dòng),包括SQL Server Native Cliant, OLE DB For Oracle,Flat File Source,Access,Excel,XML等,基本上可以滿(mǎn)足系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)的需求.
同樣導(dǎo)出向?qū)б灿型瑯佣嗟哪康脑打?qū)動(dòng),可以把數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到不同的目的源.
對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理人員來(lái)說(shuō)這種方式簡(jiǎn)單容易操作,導(dǎo)入時(shí)SQL Server也會(huì)幫你建立相同結(jié)構(gòu)的Table.
2. 用.NET的代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)(比如有一個(gè)txt或是excel的檔案,到讀取到DB中)
2.1 最為常見(jiàn)的就是循環(huán)讀取txt的內(nèi)容,然后一條一條的塞入到Table中.這里不再贅述.
2.2 集合整體讀取,使用OLEDB驅(qū)動(dòng).
代碼如下:
- string strOLEDBConnect = @"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=D:\1\;
- Extended Properties='text;HDR=Yes;FMT=Delimited'";
- OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(strOLEDBConnect);conn.Open();
- SQLstmt = "select * from 1.txt";
- //讀取.txt中的數(shù)據(jù)DataTable dt=new DataTable();
- OleDbDataAdapter da = new OleDbDataAdapter(SQLstmt, conn);da.Fill(dt);
- //在DataSet的指定范圍中添加或刷新行以匹配使用DataSet、DataTable
- 和IDataReader 名稱(chēng)的數(shù)據(jù)源中的行。
- if(dt.Rows.Count>0)
- foreach(DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
- {
- SQLstmt = "insert into MyTable values('" + dr..."
3.BCP,可以用作大容量的數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出,也可以配合 來(lái)使用.
語(yǔ)法:
- bcp {[[database_name.][schema].]{table_name | view_name} | "query"}
- {in | out | queryout | format} data_file
- [-mmax_errors] [-fformat_file] [-x] [-eerr_file]
- [-Ffirst_row] [-Llast_row] [-bbatch_size]
- [-ddatabase_name] [-n] [-c] [-N] [-w] [-V (70 | 80 | 90 )]
- [-q] [-C { ACP | OEM | RAW | code_page } ]
- [-tfield_term]
- [-rrow_term] [-iinput_file] [-ooutput_file] [-apacket_size]
- [-S [server_name[\instance_name]]] [-Ulogin_id] [-Ppassword]
- [-T] [-v] [-R] [-k] [-E] [-h"hint [,...n]"]
請(qǐng)注意數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出的方向參數(shù):in,out,queryout
如:
如:
4.BULK INSERT. T-SQL的命令,允許直接導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)
語(yǔ)法:
- BULK INSERT
- [ database_name. [ schema_name ] . | schema_name. ] [ table_name | view_name ]
- FROM 'data_file'
- [ WITH ( [ [ , ] BATCHSIZE =batch_size ]
- [ [ , ] CHECK_CONSTRAINTS ]
- [ [ , ] CODEPAGE = { 'ACP' | 'OEM' | 'RAW' | 'code_page' } ]
- [ [ , ] DATAFILETYPE =
- { 'char' | 'native'| 'widechar' | 'widenative' } ]
- [ [ , ] FIELDTERMINATOR = 'field_terminator' ]
- [ [ , ] FIRSTROW = first_row ]
- [ [ , ] FIRE_TRIGGERS ]
- [ [ , ] FORMATFILE ='format_file_path' ]
- [ [ , ] KEEPIDENTITY ]
- [ [ , ] KEEPNULLS ]
- [ [ , ] KILOBYTES_PER_BATCH =kilobytes_per_batch ]
- [ [ , ] LASTROW =last_row ]
- [ [ , ] MAXERRORS =max_errors ]
- [ [ , ] ORDER ( { column [ ASC | DESC ] } [ ,...n ] ) ]
- [ [ , ] ROWS_PER_BATCH =rows_per_batch ]
- [ [ , ] ROWTERMINATOR ='row_terminator' ]
- [ [ , ] TABLOCK ]
- [ [ , ] ERRORFILE ='file_name' ] )]
重要參數(shù):
FIELDTERMINATOR,字段分隔符
FIRSTROW:第一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)行
ROWTERMINATOR:行終結(jié)符
如:
- BULK INSERT dbo.ImportTest
- FROM 'C:\ImportData.txt'
- WITH ( FIELDTERMINATOR =',', FIRSTROW = 2 )
5. OPENROWSET也是T-SQL的命令,包含有DB連接的信息和其它導(dǎo)入方法不同的是,OPENROWSET可以作為一個(gè)目標(biāo)表參與INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE操作.
語(yǔ)法:
- OPENROWSET
- ( { 'provider_name', { 'datasource';'user_id';'password'
- | 'provider_string' }
- , { [ catalog. ] [ schema. ] object
- | 'query' }
- | BULK 'data_file',
- { FORMATFILE ='format_file_path' [
] - | SINGLE_BLOB | SINGLE_CLOB | SINGLE_NCLOB }} )
::= - [ , CODEPAGE = { 'ACP' | 'OEM' | 'RAW' | 'code_page' } ]
- [ , ERRORFILE ='file_name' ]
- [ , FIRSTROW = first_row ]
- [ , LASTROW = last_row ]
- [ , MAXERRORS = maximum_errors ]
- [ , ROWS_PER_BATCH =rows_per_batch ]
如:
- INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest
- SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
- 'Excel 8.0;Database=C:\ImportData.xls', 'SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]' WHERE A1 IS NOT NULL)
6.OPENDATASOURCE
語(yǔ)法:
- OPENDATASOURCE ( provider_name,init_string )
如:
- INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest
- SELECT * FROM OPENDATASOURCE('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
- 'Data Source=C:\ImportData.xls;Extended Properties=Excel 8.0')...[Sheet1$]
7.OPENQUERY.是在linked server的基礎(chǔ)上執(zhí)行的查詢(xún).所以執(zhí)行之前必須先建立好link server.OPENQUERY的結(jié)果集可以作為一個(gè)table參與DML的操作.
語(yǔ)法:
- OPENQUERY (linked_server ,'query')
如:
- EXEC sp_addlinkedserver 'ImportData',
- 'Jet 4.0', 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
- 'C:\ImportData.xls',
- NULL,
- 'Excel 8.0'
- GO
- INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest
- SELECT *
- FROM OPENQUERY(ImportData, 'SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]')
以上只是簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)的一些DB數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出的方法及其一些簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)例,希望對(duì)你實(shí)踐中會(huì)有所幫助.
分享文章：SQLServer中數(shù)據(jù)該如何導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出？
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