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為什么要集群：
通常為了提高網(wǎng)站的響應(yīng)速度，總是把一些經(jīng)常用到的數(shù)據(jù)放到內(nèi)存中，而不是放到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中，Redis是一個(gè)很好的Cache工具，當(dāng)然了還有Memcached，這里只講Redis。在我們的電商系統(tǒng)中，熱點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)量往往巨大，比如單點(diǎn)登錄、用戶瀏覽商品的信息、用戶信息、用戶收藏的商品信息、短息提醒數(shù)據(jù)等等，也都用到了redis，如何使redis可以橫向可伸縮擴(kuò)展，這需要由多臺(tái)機(jī)器協(xié)同提供服務(wù)，一臺(tái)掛掉了，另一臺(tái)馬上頂上去，即分布式的redis集群，就對(duì)系統(tǒng)的性能非常重要。
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Redis集群的幾個(gè)重要特征：
(1).Redis 集群的分片特征在于將鍵空間分拆了16384個(gè)槽位，每一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)責(zé)其中一些槽位。
(2).Redis提供一定程度的可用性,可以在某個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)宕機(jī)或者不可達(dá)的情況下繼續(xù)處理命令.
(3).Redis 集群中不存在中心（central）節(jié)點(diǎn)或者代理（proxy）節(jié)點(diǎn)， 集群的其中一個(gè)主要設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)是達(dá)到線性可擴(kuò)展性（linear scalability）。
(4).Redis集群要想正常工作，必須要三個(gè)主節(jié)點(diǎn)，在我搭建的集群環(huán)境中，三個(gè)主節(jié)點(diǎn)都需要有一個(gè)從節(jié)點(diǎn)，所以一共六個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)，通俗來(lái)講也就是需要開(kāi)啟6個(gè)redis服務(wù)。
一、安裝Redis
整體結(jié)構(gòu)：
二、進(jìn)群環(huán)境的配置
（1）在這里我就開(kāi)啟三臺(tái)Ubuntu16.04.1，因?yàn)殡娔X8G的內(nèi)存不夠用，如果你電腦內(nèi)存大可以開(kāi)啟4臺(tái)或者更多。在這三臺(tái)中我都安裝好了最新版本的Redis。
（2）集群配置文件的修改
需要的文件有：
然后通過(guò)下面的命令把上面的文件復(fù)制到usr/redis/目錄下面：
首先在usr目錄下面創(chuàng)建一個(gè)redis和s2目錄：sudo mkdir redis; sudo mkdir s2
目錄創(chuàng)建好后，到上面圖中的目錄下面，打開(kāi)終端，執(zhí)行：cp redis* /usr/redis/，上面圖中的文件就會(huì)到usr/redis/目錄下面，最后到usr/redis/目錄下面，打開(kāi)終端，執(zhí)行sudo cp redis* /usr/redis/s2/，這是該目錄下面也就會(huì)有相同的文件了。
修改redis.conf文件中Cluster的配置，修改如下：
首先由于權(quán)限的問(wèn)題，我們先要切換到root身份：sudo passwd root命令，先修改root的密碼，修改之后，再執(zhí)行su root 接著輸入你設(shè)置的root密碼就可以切換到root身份，如下：
最后在root身份執(zhí)行下圖中的命令就可修改redis.conf文件：
這里只貼出來(lái)修改的代碼：（紅色標(biāo)注的部分為修改部分）
# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ # bind 127.0.0.1 //注釋掉 # Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that # Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited. # # When protected mode is on and if: # # 1) The server is not binding explicitly to a set of addresses using the # "bind" directive. # 2) No password is configured. # # The server only accepts connections from clients connecting from the # IPv4 and IPv6 loopback addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1, and from Unix domain # sockets. # # By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if # you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis # even if no authentication is configured, nor a specific set of interfaces # are explicitly listed using the "bind" directive. protected-mode no //yes該為no # Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379 (IANA #815344). # If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket. port 6379 # TCP listen() backlog. # # In high requests-per-second environments you need an high backlog in order # to avoid slow clients connections issues. Note that the Linux kernel # will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so # make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog # in order to get the desired effect. tcp-backlog 511 # Unix socket. # # Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for # incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen # on a unix socket when not specified. # # unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock # unixsocketperm 700 # Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable) timeout 0 # TCP keepalive. # # If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence # of communication. This is useful for two reasons: # # 1) Detect dead peers. # 2) Take the connection alive from the point of view of network # equipment in the middle. # # On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs. # Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed. # On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration. # # A reasonable value for this option is 300 seconds, which is the new # Redis default starting with Redis 3.2.1. tcp-keepalive 300 ################################ REDIS CLUSTER ############################### # # ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ # WARNING EXPERIMENTAL: Redis Cluster is considered to be stable code, however # in order to mark it as "mature" we need to wait for a non trivial percentage # of users to deploy it in production. # ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ # # Normal Redis instances can't be part of a Redis Cluster; only nodes that are # started as cluster nodes can. In order to start a Redis instance as a # cluster node enable the cluster support uncommenting the following: # cluster-enabled yes # Every cluster node has a cluster configuration file. This file is not # intended to be edited by hand. It is created and updated by Redis nodes. # Every Redis Cluster node requires a different cluster configuration file. # Make sure that instances running in the same system do not have # overlapping cluster configuration file names. # cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf # Cluster node timeout is the amount of milliseconds a node must be unreachable # for it to be considered in failure state. # Most other internal time limits are multiple of the node timeout. # # cluster-node-timeout 15000 # A slave of a failing master will avoid to start a failover if its data # looks too old. # # There is no simple way for a slave to actually have an exact measure of # its "data age", so the following two checks are performed: # # 1) If there are multiple slaves able to failover, they exchange messages # in order to try to give an advantage to the slave with the best # replication offset (more data from the master processed). # Slaves will try to get their rank by offset, and apply to the start # of the failover a delay proportional to their rank. # # 2) Every single slave computes the time of the last interaction with # its master. This can be the last ping or command received (if the master # is still in the "connected" state), or the time that elapsed since the # disconnection with the master (if the replication link is currently down). # If the last interaction is too old, the slave will not try to failover # at all. # # The point "2" can be tuned by user. Specifically a slave will not perform # the failover if, since the last interaction with the master, the time # elapsed is greater than: # # (node-timeout * slave-validity-factor) + repl-ping-slave-period # # So for example if node-timeout is 30 seconds, and the slave-validity-factor # is 10, and assuming a default repl-ping-slave-period of 10 seconds, the # slave will not try to failover if it was not able to talk with the master # for longer than 310 seconds. # # A large slave-validity-factor may allow slaves with too old data to failover # a master, while a too small value may prevent the cluster from being able to # elect a slave at all. # # For maximum availability, it is possible to set the slave-validity-factor # to a value of 0, which means, that slaves will always try to failover the # master regardless of the last time they interacted with the master. # (However they'll always try to apply a delay proportional to their # offset rank). # # Zero is the only value able to guarantee that when all the partitions heal # the cluster will always be able to continue. # # cluster-slave-validity-factor 10 # Cluster slaves are able to migrate to orphaned masters, that are masters # that are left without working slaves. This improves the cluster ability # to resist to failures as otherwise an orphaned master can't be failed over # in case of failure if it has no working slaves. # # Slaves migrate to orphaned masters only if there are still at least a # given number of other working slaves for their old master. This number # is the "migration barrier". A migration barrier of 1 means that a slave # will migrate only if there is at least 1 other working slave for its master # and so forth. It usually reflects the number of slaves you want for every # master in your cluster. # # Default is 1 (slaves migrate only if their masters remain with at least # one slave). To disable migration just set it to a very large value. # A value of 0 can be set but is useful only for debugging and dangerous # in production. # # cluster-migration-barrier 1 # By default Redis Cluster nodes stop accepting queries if they detect there # is at least an hash slot uncovered (no available node is serving it). # This way if the cluster is partially down (for example a range of hash slots # are no longer covered) all the cluster becomes, eventually, unavailable. # It automatically returns available as soon as all the slots are covered again. # # However sometimes you want the subset of the cluster which is working, # to continue to accept queries for the part of the key space that is still # covered. In order to do so, just set the cluster-require-full-coverage # option to no. # # cluster-require-full-coverage yes # In order to setup your cluster make sure to read the documentation # available at http://redis.io web site.
修改完之后 按下ESC 鍵，再按下 :wq!保存突出。同理，s2中的redis也是這樣修改的但是，需要修改一下端口號(hào)，不能喝上面的端口號(hào)重復(fù)，s2中的端口號(hào)為6390。
使用相同的方式修改第二臺(tái)上redis的配置：只不過(guò)在該臺(tái)機(jī)器上只有一個(gè)redis服務(wù)(節(jié)點(diǎn))
上面這兩臺(tái)服務(wù)器中的三個(gè)redis服務(wù)地址分別為：192.168.0.109:6379 192.168.0.109:6390 192.168.0.111:6379，在進(jìn)行第三部的時(shí)候要用到。
本文題目：Ubuntu16.04.1上搭建Redis分布式集群并使用C#操作
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