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Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫作為企業(yè)級的關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)，廣泛應(yīng)用于各種業(yè)務(wù)場景，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，如何實現(xiàn)安全可靠的Oracle互聯(lián)網(wǎng)訪問成為了一個重要的問題，本文將詳細(xì)介紹如何實現(xiàn)安全可靠的Oracle互聯(lián)網(wǎng)訪問，包括技術(shù)原理、操作步驟和注意事項。
技術(shù)原理
1、SSL加密：SSL（Secure Sockets Layer）是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全協(xié)議，用于在客戶端和服務(wù)器之間建立安全通道，通過SSL加密，可以保證數(shù)據(jù)在傳輸過程中的安全性和完整性。
2、IP白名單：IP白名單是一種訪問控制策略，只允許特定的IP地址或IP地址段訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫，通過設(shè)置IP白名單，可以有效防止非法訪問和攻擊。
3、用戶名和密碼驗證：在用戶訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫時，需要提供有效的用戶名和密碼進行驗證，只有通過驗證的用戶才能訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫，從而保證數(shù)據(jù)的安全性。
4、數(shù)據(jù)庫審計：數(shù)據(jù)庫審計是指對數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作進行記錄和分析，以便發(fā)現(xiàn)和防止?jié)撛诘陌踩珕栴}，通過數(shù)據(jù)庫審計，可以追蹤和分析用戶的操作行為，及時發(fā)現(xiàn)異常情況。
操作步驟
1、配置SSL加密
（1）生成密鑰庫文件：使用Oracle自帶的keytool工具生成密鑰庫文件，命令如下：
keytool genkey alias oracle keyalg RSA keystore keystore.jks storepass password validity 3650
alias oracle表示密鑰庫的別名，keyalg RSA表示密鑰算法為RSA，keystore keystore.jks表示密鑰庫文件的名稱，storepass password表示密鑰庫的密碼，validity 3650表示密鑰的有效期為3650天。
（2）配置監(jiān)聽器：編輯Oracle監(jiān)聽器的配置文件（listener.ora），添加以下內(nèi)容：
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
)
)
ORCL是數(shù)據(jù)庫實例名，/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1是Oracle安裝路徑。
（3）配置tnsnames.ora文件：編輯tnsnames.ora文件，添加以下內(nèi)容：
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = your_host)(PORT = your_port))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)
)
)
your_host是數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器的主機名或IP地址，your_port是監(jiān)聽器的端口號。
2、配置IP白名單
（1）登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器，打開iptables配置文件：
sudo vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
（2）添加以下內(nèi)容：
A INPUT p tcp dport your_port s your_ip m state state NEW,ESTABLISHED j ACCEPT
your_port是監(jiān)聽器的端口號，your_ip是允許訪問的客戶端IP地址。
（3）保存并退出，然后重啟iptables服務(wù)：
sudo service iptables restart
3、配置用戶名和密碼驗證
（1）登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器，打開sqlnet.ora配置文件：
sudo vi /etc/oracle/sqlnet.ora
（2）添加以下內(nèi)容：
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = (NONE)
（3）保存并退出，然后修改監(jiān)聽器配置文件（listener.ora），添加以下內(nèi)容：
DIAG_ADR_ENABLED=OFF
4、開啟數(shù)據(jù)庫審計功能
（1）以SYSDBA身份登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫：
conn / as sysdba;
（2）啟用審計策略：
audit all; 審計所有對象和操作類型，可以根據(jù)需要進行調(diào)整，audit table by access; audit select by column; audit update by row; audit delete by row; audit insert by statement; audit drop by statement; audit create by statement; audit alter by statement; audit index by access; audit trigger by statement; audit privilege by usage; audit role by usage; audit schema by statement; audit sequence by access; audit synonym by access; audit view by access; audit materialized view by access; audit procedure by statement; audit package by statement; audit type by usage; audit directory by access; audit java class by name call return; audit java method by name call return object; audit java system event by name call return object; audit java user defined event by name call return object; audit datatype by usage; audit operator by usage; audit operator by type; audit cluster by operation type; audit cluster by table access; audit cluster by index access; audit cluster by bitmap scan access; audit cluster by hash join access; audit cluster by nested loops join access; audit cluster by sort access; audit cluster by streams agg function access; audit cluster by parallel query server job access; audit cluster by db link access; audit cluster by external job call access; audit cluster by queue message access; audit cluster by clob write access; audit cluster by lob write access; audit cluster by lob read access; audit cluster by collection write access; audit cluster by collection element write access; audit cluster by collection element delete access; audit cluster by collection fetch operation access; audit cluster by collection bulk collect operation access; audit cluster by collection bulk modify operation access; audit cluster by array write access; audit cluster by array fetch operation access; audit cluster by jdbc call return object access; audit cluster by jdbc stored procedure call return object access; audit cluster by jdbc prepared statement call return object access; audit cluster by jdbc call parameter access; audit cluster by jdbc update batch return status access; audit cluster by jdbc update batch nonbatchable exception access; audit cluster by jdbc update batch update counts access; audit cluster by jdbc update batch other exceptions access; audit cluster by jdbc call escape string access; audit cluster by jdbc call time zone id access; audit cluster of utl file read and write operations on files in the database file system or removable media accessible to the instance using the standard UTL file APIs for reading and writing text files and binary files in ASCII and binary formats. 根據(jù)實際情況選擇需要審計的策略。
網(wǎng)站名稱：實現(xiàn)安全可靠的Oracle互聯(lián)網(wǎng)訪問
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