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C#接口編程實(shí)例向你講述了事件與接口的聯(lián)合應(yīng)用很多初學(xué)C#的朋友對(duì)于事件與接口感到迷惑不解，不明白它們之間的關(guān)系，下面我就用實(shí)例來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單的分析講解一下。
C#接口編程實(shí)例問(wèn)題的解決之前我們來(lái)看看事件的創(chuàng)建過(guò)程，用event修飾符來(lái)代表一個(gè)事件，我們要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)C#事件必須按以下順序來(lái)掃行：
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C#接口編程實(shí)例1，創(chuàng)建或標(biāo)識(shí)一個(gè)代表。
比如下例中的
- public delegate void dele();
- //聲明代表,delegate 關(guān)鍵字通知編譯器dele是一個(gè)委托類型
C#接口編程實(shí)例2，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)包含事件處理代表，調(diào)用事件處理代表的方法的類
- public class EventClass1 : IEvents
- //IEvents,是下面我們要講一接口
- {
- public event dele event1;//定義事件成員event1
- public void FireEvent() //當(dāng)事件發(fā)生時(shí)
- {
- event1(); //調(diào)用事件處理
- }
- }
EventClass1繼承接口IEvents,以下后面的EventClass2~4，都是一樣。
C#接口編程實(shí)例3，定義一個(gè)或多個(gè)把方法連接到事件的類
C#接口編程實(shí)例4，使用事件
4.1 定義事件響應(yīng)方法,如下例中的
IEvents id1 = new EventClass1();
4.2 使用所定義的構(gòu)造函數(shù)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)包含事件的對(duì)象,如下例中的
id1.event1 += new dele(EventFired1);
4.3 觸發(fā)事件,如下例中的
id1.FireEvent();
下面我們來(lái)看看接口,我們必須用interface來(lái)聲明一個(gè)接口。接口聲明可以聲明零個(gè)或多個(gè)成員。接口的成員必須是方法、屬性、事件或索引器。接口不能包含常數(shù)、字段、運(yùn)算符、實(shí)例構(gòu)造函數(shù)、析構(gòu)函數(shù)或類型，也不能包含任何種類的靜態(tài)成員。
所有接口成員都隱式地具有 public 訪問(wèn)權(quán)限。接口成員聲明包含任何修飾符屬于編譯時(shí)錯(cuò)誤。具體地說(shuō)，接口成員包含下列任何修飾符屬于編譯時(shí)錯(cuò)誤：abstract、public、protected、internal、private、virtual、override 或 static。更多的信息請(qǐng)看msdn help://MS.VSCC/MS.MSDNVS.2052/csspec/html/vclrfcsharpspec_13_1.htm
在下面的例子中，我們聲明IEvents接口，一個(gè)方法FireEvent和一個(gè)事件event1
- public interface IEvents
- {
- event dele event1; //定義事件
- void FireEvent();//定義接口
- }
在后面的EventClass1~4類是繼承了接口IEvent,因此在這幾個(gè)類中必須實(shí)現(xiàn)上述一個(gè)方法和一個(gè)事件。下面的實(shí)例可以幫助大家更好的理解。
這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的windows Forms，包含一個(gè)textbox,幾個(gè)labels和一個(gè)button,在程序啟動(dòng)時(shí)焦點(diǎn)在textbox,捕捉鍵盤按下事件，除方向鍵外,我能過(guò)接口來(lái)觸事方向鍵按下事件。#p#
下面的代碼是一個(gè)網(wǎng)上常見(jiàn)的C#接口編程實(shí)例,大家可以拷貝下來(lái)，保存為.cs文件，用CSC編譯就行
C#接口編程實(shí)例代碼如下:
- using System;
- using System.Drawing;
- using System.Collections;
- using System.ComponentModel;
- using System.Windows.Forms;
- using System.Data;
- namespace Events_Interfaces
- {
- public delegate void dele();
- //聲明代表 delegate 關(guān)鍵字通知編譯器 dele 是一個(gè)委托類型
- public interface IEvents
- //定義接口IEvents，包含方法FireEvent事件event1
- {
- event dele event1;
- void FireEvent();
- }
- public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
- {
- private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
- private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
- private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
- private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;
- private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3;
- private System.ComponentModel.Container components =null;
- public Form1()
- {
- InitializeComponent();
- }
- protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
- {
- if( disposing )
- {
- if (components != null)
- {
- components.Dispose();
- }
- }
- base.Dispose( disposing );
- }
- #region Windows Form Designer generated code
- private void InitializeComponent()
- {
- this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
- this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
- this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
- this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
- this.label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
- this.SuspendLayout();
- this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 80);
- this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
- this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(56,23);
- this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1;
- this.textBox1.Text = "";
- this.textBox1.KeyDown +=
- new System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventHandler(this.Key_Press);
- this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 16);
- this.label1.Name = "label1";
- this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(256,64);
- this.label1.TabIndex = 0;
- this.label1.Text =
- "Whenever you use the arrow keys inside the text box,
- Corresponding events will be" +"
- fired to display the label appropriately. Have a try!!";
- this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(240, 112);
- this.button1.Name = "button1";
- this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(48,23);
- this.button1.TabIndex = 3;
- this.button1.Text = "Exit";
- this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
- //
- // label2
- //
- this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(88, 80);
- this.label2.Name = "label2";
- this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(184,23);
- this.label2.TabIndex = 2;
- this.label2.TextAlign =
- System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
- //
- // label3
- //C#接口編程實(shí)例
- this.label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 104);
- this.label3.Name = "label3";
- this.label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(64,23);
- this.label3.TabIndex = 4;
- this.label3.TextAlign =
- System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
- //
- // Form1
- //C#接口編程實(shí)例
- this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 16);
- this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(292,141);
- this.Controls.AddRange(
- new System.Windows.Forms.Control[] {
- this.label3,this.button1,this.label2,
- this.textBox1,this.label1});
- this.Font= new System.Drawing.Font(
- "Comic SansMS",8.25F,System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular,
- System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point,((System.Byte)(0)));
- this.Name = "Form1";
- this.Text = "Events";
- this.ResumeLayout(false);
- }
- #endregion
- static void Main()
- {
- Application.Run(new Form1());
- }
- private void Key_Press(object sender,
- System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs e)
- {
- textBox1.Text = "";
- label2.Text = "";
- string keyId = e.KeyCode.ToString();
- switch (keyId)//判斷是否按下方向鍵
- {
- case "Right":
- label3.Text = "";
- IEvents id1 = new EventClass1(); //實(shí)例化一個(gè)接口
- id1.event1 += new dele(EventFired1);
- //定義EventClass1中的事件響應(yīng)方法
- id1.FireEvent();
- //調(diào)用EventClass1中的FireEvent方法，
- //觸發(fā)event1 事件，事件調(diào)用EventFired1方法
- break;
- case "Left":
- label3.Text = "";
- IEvents id2 = new EventClass2();
- id2.event1 += new
- dele(EventFired2);
- id2.FireEvent();
- break;
- case "Down":
- label3.Text = "";
- IEvents id3 = new EventClass3();
- id3.event1 += new
- dele(EventFired3);
- id3.FireEvent();
- break;
- case "Up":
- label3.Text = "";
- IEvents id4 = new EventClass4();
- id4.event1 += new
- dele(EventFired4);
- id4.FireEvent();
- break;
- default:
- label3.Text = keyId;
- break;
- }
- }
- //EventFired1方法
- public void EventFired1()
- {
- label2.Text = "";
- label2.Text = "You pressed RIGHT arrow key";
- }
- public void EventFired2()
- {
- label2.Text = "";
- label2.Text = "You pressed LEFT arrow key";
- }
- public void EventFired3()
- {
- label2.Text = "";
- label2.Text = "You pressed DOWN arrow key";
- }
- public void EventFired4()
- {
- label2.Text = "";
- label2.Text = "You pressed UP arrow key";
- }
- //C#接口編程實(shí)例
- private void button1_Click(object sender,
- System.EventArgs e)
- {
- Application.Exit();
- }
- }
- public class EventClass1 : IEvents
- {
- public event dele event1;
- public void FireEvent()
- {
- event1();
- }
- }
- public class EventClass2 : IEvents
- {
- public event dele event1;
- public void FireEvent()
- {
- event1();
- }
- }
- public class EventClass3 : IEvents
- {
- public event dele event1;
- public void FireEvent()
- {
- event1();
- }
- }
- public class EventClass4 :
- IEvents//EventClass1繼承接口IEvents
- {
- public event dele event1;//定義事件成員event1
- //當(dāng)事件發(fā)生時(shí)
- public void FireEvent()
- {
- event1();//C#接口編程實(shí)例之調(diào)用事件處理
- }
- }
- }
C#接口編程實(shí)例的基本內(nèi)容就向你介紹到這里，希望對(duì)你了解和學(xué)習(xí)C#接口編程有所幫助。
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