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大家好,我是老羊,今天我們來(lái)學(xué)習(xí) Flink SQL 中的· Over 聚合操作。
- Over 聚合定義(支持 Batch\Streaming):可以理解為是一種特殊的滑動(dòng)窗口聚合函數(shù)。
那這里我們拿 Over 聚合? 與 窗口聚合 做一個(gè)對(duì)比,其之間的最大不同之處在于:
窗口聚合:不在 group by 中的字段,不能直接在 select 中拿到
Over 聚合:能夠保留原始字段
注意:其實(shí)在生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中,Over 聚合的使用場(chǎng)景還是比較少的。在 Hive 中也有相同的聚合,但是小伙伴萌可以想想你在離線(xiàn)數(shù)倉(cāng)經(jīng)常使用嘛?
- 應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景:計(jì)算最近一段滑動(dòng)窗口的聚合結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)。
- 際案例:查詢(xún)每個(gè)產(chǎn)品最近一小時(shí)訂單的金額總和:
SELECT order_id, order_time, amount,
SUM(amount) OVER (
PARTITION BY product
ORDER BY order_time
RANGE BETWEEN INTERVAL '1' HOUR PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
) AS one_hour_prod_amount_sum
FROM Orders
Over 聚合的語(yǔ)法總結(jié)如下:
SELECT
agg_func(agg_col) OVER (
[PARTITION BY col1[, col2, ...]]
ORDER BY time_col
range_definition),
...
FROM ...
其中:
- ORDER BY:必須是時(shí)間戳列(事件時(shí)間、處理時(shí)間)
- PARTITION BY:標(biāo)識(shí)了聚合窗口的聚合粒度,如上述案例是按照 product 進(jìn)行聚合
- range_definition:這個(gè)標(biāo)識(shí)聚合窗口的聚合數(shù)據(jù)范圍,在 Flink 中有兩種指定數(shù)據(jù)范圍的方式。第一種為按照行數(shù)聚合?,第二種為按照時(shí)間區(qū)間聚合。如下案例所示:
a. 時(shí)間區(qū)間聚合:
按照時(shí)間區(qū)間聚合就是時(shí)間區(qū)間的一個(gè)滑動(dòng)窗口,比如下面案例 1 小時(shí)的區(qū)間,最新輸出的一條數(shù)據(jù)的 sum 聚合結(jié)果就是最近一小時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)的 amount 之和。
CREATE TABLE source_table (
order_id BIGINT,
product BIGINT,
amount BIGINT,
order_time as cast(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP as TIMESTAMP(3)),
WATERMARK FOR order_time AS order_time - INTERVAL '0.001' SECOND
) WITH (
'connector' = 'datagen',
'rows-per-second' = '1',
'fields.order_id.min' = '1',
'fields.order_id.max' = '2',
'fields.amount.min' = '1',
'fields.amount.max' = '10',
'fields.product.min' = '1',
'fields.product.max' = '2'
);
CREATE TABLE sink_table (
product BIGINT,
order_time TIMESTAMP(3),
amount BIGINT,
one_hour_prod_amount_sum BIGINT
) WITH (
'connector' = 'print'
);
INSERT INTO sink_table
SELECT product, order_time, amount,
SUM(amount) OVER (
PARTITION BY product
ORDER BY order_time
-- 標(biāo)識(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)范圍是一個(gè) product 的最近 1 小時(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)
RANGE BETWEEN INTERVAL '1' HOUR PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
) AS one_hour_prod_amount_sum
FROM source_table
結(jié)果如下:
+I[2, 2021-12-24T22:08:26.583, 7, 73]
+I[2, 2021-12-24T22:08:27.583, 7, 80]
+I[2, 2021-12-24T22:08:28.583, 4, 84]
+I[2, 2021-12-24T22:08:29.584, 7, 91]
+I[2, 2021-12-24T22:08:30.583, 8, 99]
+I[1, 2021-12-24T22:08:31.583, 9, 138]
+I[2, 2021-12-24T22:08:32.584, 6, 105]
+I[1, 2021-12-24T22:08:33.584, 7, 145]
b. 行數(shù)聚合:
按照行數(shù)聚合就是數(shù)據(jù)行數(shù)的一個(gè)滑動(dòng)窗口,比如下面案例,最新輸出的一條數(shù)據(jù)的 sum 聚合結(jié)果就是最近 5 行數(shù)據(jù)的 amount 之和。
CREATE TABLE source_table (
order_id BIGINT,
product BIGINT,
amount BIGINT,
order_time as cast(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP as TIMESTAMP(3)),
WATERMARK FOR order_time AS order_time - INTERVAL '0.001' SECOND
) WITH (
'connector' = 'datagen',
'rows-per-second' = '1',
'fields.order_id.min' = '1',
'fields.order_id.max' = '2',
'fields.amount.min' = '1',
'fields.amount.max' = '2',
'fields.product.min' = '1',
'fields.product.max' = '2'
);
CREATE TABLE sink_table (
product BIGINT,
order_time TIMESTAMP(3),
amount BIGINT,
one_hour_prod_amount_sum BIGINT
) WITH (
'connector' = 'print'
);
INSERT INTO sink_table
SELECT product, order_time, amount,
SUM(amount) OVER (
PARTITION BY product
ORDER BY order_time
-- 標(biāo)識(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)范圍是一個(gè) product 的最近 5 行數(shù)據(jù)
ROWS BETWEEN 5 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
) AS one_hour_prod_amount_sum
FROM source_table
預(yù)跑結(jié)果如下:
+I[2, 2021-12-24T22:18:19.147, 1, 9]
+I[1, 2021-12-24T22:18:20.147, 2, 11]
+I[1, 2021-12-24T22:18:21.147, 2, 12]
+I[1, 2021-12-24T22:18:22.147, 2, 12]
+I[1, 2021-12-24T22:18:23.148, 2, 12]
+I[1, 2021-12-24T22:18:24.147, 1, 11]
+I[1, 2021-12-24T22:18:25.146, 1, 10]
+I[1, 2021-12-24T22:18:26.147, 1, 9]
+I[2, 2021-12-24T22:18:27.145, 2, 11]
+I[2, 2021-12-24T22:18:28.148, 1, 10]
+I[2, 2021-12-24T22:18:29.145, 2, 10]
當(dāng)然,如果你在一個(gè) SELECT 中有多個(gè)聚合窗口的聚合方式,F(xiàn)link SQL 支持了一種簡(jiǎn)化寫(xiě)法,如下案例:
SELECT order_id, order_time, amount,
SUM(amount) OVER w AS sum_amount,
AVG(amount) OVER w AS avg_amount
FROM Orders
-- 使用下面子句,定義 Over Window
WINDOW w AS (
PARTITION BY product
ORDER BY order_time
RANGE BETWEEN INTERVAL '1' HOUR PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
網(wǎng)站欄目:Flink SQL 知其所以然:Over 聚合操作
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